PHNOM PENH, Cambodia June 11, 2013 (AP) - Two 10th-century Cambodian stone statues displayed for nearly two
decades at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art were being returned to
their homeland Tuesday in a high-profile case of allegedly looted
artifacts.
The voluntary repatriation of the paired "Kneeling Attendants" statues
by one of America's foremost cultural institutions is seen as setting a
precedent for the restoration of artworks to their places of origin,
from which they were often removed in hazy circumstances.
It comes as the Cambodian government is asking other museums to return
similar objects. At the government's request, U.S. authorities have
begun legal action against Sotheby's auction house to try to force the
handover of a contested piece.
Cambodian officials and Buddhist monks have planned a welcome home
ceremony for the life-size sandstone statues at the country's
international airport.
Culture Ministry official Hab Tuoch said the statues are important
examples of Cambodia's heritage and show the prosperity of the Angkor
era, when Cambodian culture dominated the region.
They come from the Koh Ker temple in Siem Reap province, which is home
to the famed Angkor Wat temples. Officials say they were stolen from the
temple in the 1970s. The museum said the statues were given to the
museum in pieces by different donors between 1987 and 1992.
The Metropolitan Museum announced in May it was returning the statues
after researchers discovered new evidence indicating that they had been
illegally exported under Cambodian law.
"The museum is committed to applying rigorous provenance standards not
only to new acquisitions, but to the study of works long in its
collections in an ongoing effort to learn as much as possible about
ownership history," museum director Thomas P. Campbell said in a May 3
statement. "In returning the statues, the museum is acting to strengthen
the good relationship it has long maintained with scholarly
institutions and colleagues in Cambodia and to foster and celebrate
continued cooperation and dialogue between us."
A 1993 Cambodian law prohibited the removal of cultural artifacts
without government permission. Pieces provably taken after that date
have stronger legal standing to compel their new owners abroad to return
them. But there is also general agreement in the art world that pieces
were acquired illegitimately if they were exported without clear and
valid documentation after 1970 — the year of a United Nations cultural
agreement targeting trafficking in illicit antiquities.
Largely due to the social and political disruptions of war, widespread
looting of Cambodia's ancient temples took place in the 1970s through
the 1990s, with many items smuggled through Thailand.
In April, the U.S. attorney's office in Manhattan filed court papers
seeking to compel Sotheby's to forfeit a 5-foot (1.5 meter)-tall
sandstone statue so that it could be returned to Cambodia. U.S.
authorities acted at the request of Cambodia.
The statue came from the same Koh Ker temple as the Kneeling Attendants.
It was consigned by a private collector to Sotheby's in 2010, according
to court papers. In February, Sotheby's identified the seller as a
European collector who purchased the work from a London dealer in 1975.
The sculpture of a mythical warrior in an elaborate headdress has been
estimated by Sotheby's to be worth $2 million to $3 million at auction.
The statue is of "extraordinary value" to the Cambodian people and "a
triumph of creativity and innovation," papers filed by the U.S.
attorney's office said.
Sotheby's has said it would defend against the action and disputed
federal prosecutors' allegation that the sculpture was illegally
imported into the U.S.
The statue was to be auctioned on March 24, 2011, but Sotheby's
voluntarily withdrew it from auction a day before the sale after a
Cambodian official sent a letter asking it to do so.
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