The birth of Mr. Kem Sokha's Human Rights Party and his union with Mr. Pen Sovann have drawn our attention to a higher level.
To feed our thinking, we retrace some steps below the political career of Pen Sovann and that of Mr. Kem Sokha.
A / Pen Sovann
Everyone knows the history of Pen Sovann, a character who spends his time criticizing today without risk, as we approach the elections, Hun Sen's policy and denouncing the Vietnamization of Cambodia.
The key milestones in his political career are:
1. Born April 15, 1936 to Chan Tiep, Tram Kak district, Takeo province
2. Issarak member of the Movement (1949-1954)
3. Member of the Indochinese Communist Party in 1951
4. Share in Vietnam in 1954 to be trained in the Staff College in Hanoi (1956-70) at the same time as Tou Samuth
5. FUNK in 1970 to rally to the side of Pol Pot, Ieng Sary and Ieng Thirith
6. Back in Vietnam in 1975 to establish FUNSK 1978 for invading Cambodia in 1979 with his fellow Khmer Chea Sim, Heng Samrin, Say Phou Thong and Hun Sen.
7. General secretary in 1979 FUNSK
8. First Secretary of PRPK in 1979 (People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea)
9. Chairman and Defense Minister in 1981
10. Supposedly imprisoned in Hanoi from 1981 to 1987 to protest against Hanoi (while some like Chan Si has been poisoned by injection in May 1985 for "crimes" are still minors)
11. Supposedly under house arrest in Hanoi from 1987 to 1992
12. Supposedly released by the Vietnamese and returned to Takeo January 25, 1992.He formed his party National Sustaining Party of Cambodia to participate in the 1993 election.
13. Becomes Political Advisor PPC Takeo province in 1992
14. Supposedly excluded from this position November 10, 1995 by the Cambodian People's Party (CPP)
15. Exile in Malaysia after the coup in July 1997, where he met a number of delegations from some major powers, particularly from the United States
16. Back from exile Dec. 3, 1997
17. Sam Rainsy Party rally in early 2000 (?)
18. Travel in the United States in 2000 where he has been in contact with a number of prominent Khmer and then interviewed by Naranhkiri Tith in 2001, the alleged supporter of Kem Sokha.
19. September 2002: publication of his book "Short Biography and The National Cause of Cambodia", a book that does nothing more than what many Cambodians already know.
20. July 2007: Announced his membership of the Human Rights Party of former activist Kem Sokha
21. November and December 2007: a tour of recruiting supporters PDH in France with Kem Sokha
B / Kem Sokha
Kem Sokha was one of the few Khmer students in 1981 to have received a scholarship to study in Czechoslovakia, then a member of the Communist bloc countries. 10 years later, he created "Vigilance for human rights in Cambodia," an advocacy organization Human Rights, an area in which it has become a widely recognized figure in the Cambodian public and even Western. Two major events that marked his political career: he was a part arrested and jailed in December 2005 issue of defamation. This event allowed him to enjoy the support movements both in and outside Cambodia. After his arrest, he is gaining popularity and public support to the Cambodian population. And secondly, he was accused in 2007 of involvement in a misappropriation of funds, funding from the United States for its IRI NGO Cambodian Centre for the Defence of Human Rights (CCHR).
Major milestones in his political career:
1. Born June 27, 1953 in Takeo province, south-east Cambodia.
2. In 1981, after studying law in Phnom Penh, he went to study in Czechoslovakia, where he earned a master's degree in chemistry.
3. In 1986, upon his return, he was called into service for a brewery in Sihanoukville, before joining a distillery six kilometers from Phnom Penh, where he helped to develop a Cambodian whiskey.
4. In 1991, he was responsible for organizing the first Cambodian human rights organisation, the "Vigilance for human rights in Cambodia"
5. In 1992 he became secretary general of the Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party (BLDP) of Mr. Son Sann.
6. In 1993 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly, once the constitution is approved, becomes law. Sokha remain MP until 1998. He headed a commission of human rights that had previously helped to create.
7. In 1995, following a split within the BLDP, he chose to join the new party, the Son Sann Party (HMP), which he became its new secretary general.
8. In 1999, following the merger of PSS and FUNCINPEC, he was elected under the new label in the Senate and chairs the Senate Committees on Human Rights and the receipt of complaints. He was the first member to propose the creation of the Supreme Council of Magistracy and want to establish laws against corruption and asset declaration.
9. From 2000 to 2007 he was head of the Cambodian delegation to an independent human rights among ASEAN, an activist for the creation of a commission of human rights in Cambodia.
10. In 2002, he left the FUNCINPEC, which he blames his lack of independence and transparency vis-à-vis the government. He founded and chaired until 2007, the Cambodian Center for Human Rights (CCHR), a national network of over 9000 branches providing training and public meetings in villages, where residents could express their problems, mostly complaints against the government in power. It also launched the radio "Voice of Democracy", one of the most popular radio programs in the country.
11. He also created and directed from 2005 to 2007 the Alliance for Freedom of Expression in Cambodia, which included 28 organizations and conducted as such the main activities of this alliance, including the yellow ribbon campaign for freedom of expression, and a historic march of sixteen days to promote freedom of expression, non-violence and political tolerance.
12. He was jailed Dec. 31, 2005 for defamation because of a banner during a demonstration of the CCHR, criticized a controversial border agreement signed in October 2005 between Prime Minister Hun Sen and Viet Nam. On January 16, 2006, he was released following strong popular mobilization and international organizing a march of three days, supported by Buddhist authorities to call the government to decriminalize defamation.
13. In 2007, he left the CCHR and returns to politics, creating, April 19th, with Son Soubert, Keo Remy and Pen Sovann, the party of human rights. Several advocacy organizations seek in vain to Kem Sokha change the name of his party, to avoid "a confusion between the political activities of the party, and those NGOs that are, in turn, truly independent and serve the general interest. "
14. 2008 legislative elections, the party of human rights wins 3 of the 123 seats at stake, including one in the province of Kampong Cham, which will be devoted to Kem Sokha.
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Leaders of Cambodia and Alliances Tragic (1)
Note released July 22, 2004
The contemporary political history of Cambodia can not be grasped fully without an inquisitive look on his past. As Confucius said: "Study the past, If You Would divine the future", and in this spirit that we have the firm conviction that it is sometimes useful to review the "past" to understand the " present "and improve" the future ".
Cambodia's past is responsible for relations "cause and effect." And it is in researching and analyzing the causes that we are able to understand his current situation. The events that occurred in Cambodia Tuesday, July 13, 2004 with the departure of Samdech Chea Sim to Thailand could be interpreted from several angles as it was mentioned in our replies to some of our readers.
But as to our position, we privileged aspects of manipulative tactics that were used and reused in different times of the Cambodian political history. In our research, alliances with some of our leaders have come to our attention and we hope to include them in this article through a few stylized facts. These alliances seem to be a major cause of "disease" that currently suffers Cambodia. For it is through them that may have been be executed strategies devised in order to destroy the Khmer nation.
The aim of our paper is not to incite hatred against anyone, but simply to provide our current and future leaders food for thought that may enable them to analyze the consequences of their policy of alliances, and promote the capabilities and expectations of the collective consciousness of the Khmer community.
Although successively analyzed as follows, these strategies are not exclusive and does not constitute an exhaustive list of the range of strategies used.
1) Cooperation Strategies and manipulations
Norodom Sihanouk and Ho Chi Minh: The meeting of these two men is not the result of an accident but a carefully designed strategy by the latter. After trying in vain to struggle against French colonialism on its own, Ho Chi Minh had the idea of strategic alliances with King Sihanouk to oust France from Indochina to enable Vietnam to build his empire to the detriment of Cambodia and Laos. Thanks to support discrete Ho Chi Minh, King Norodom Sihanouk has become in the eyes of most Cambodians as "the Father of Independence" for the Khmer nation and won a big popularity immensely from the Khmer people. As we have seen, the Vietnamese were used to repeatedly "Sihanouk card" to advance their interests. To convince the King Sihanouk to get so steadfast on their sides, the Vietnamese would have promised to return the Kampuchea Krom in order to renew its popularity with the Khmer people.
Having tasted the pleasure with huge popularity courtesy of an honest people, King Sihanouk has committed to serve the interests of Vietnam without moderation.
The agreements with the Vietnamese do not unfortunately lack: support, despite its neutrality policy in Vietnam during the war against the Americans (Ho Chi Minh Trail, food supply), establishment of FUNK March 24, 1970 to fight alongside Vietnamese against the so-called aggressors Americans in Cambodia, etc. ...
But ultimately, Kampuchea Krom was always under the influence not only Vietnam but Cambodia even the existence, or at least for what remains of the Khmer Empire, is also threatened.
2) Cooperation Strategy and destruction
The Khmer Rouge and Vietnamese strategists: "Card Sihanouk" was unfortunately not the only one to appear on the chessboard of the Vietnamese. While King Norodom Sihanouk ruled his kingdom through his Sangkum Restr Niyum the Yuon already preparing the next generation in alliance with the Khmer Rouge. These were the "raw" by both Sihanouk and the Vietnamese. For finding no place in the Sangkum Restr Niyum, the Khmer Rouge have gone underground with the support of the Vietnamese. The years 60-70 would therefore mark the beginning of the destruction of Cambodia by Vietnam through the "Cambodian hands." This strategy was very effective in that it helped both to create hatred between the Khmers and the destruction of Cambodia to Vietnam.
Familiar with the project of "social revolution and social" and nationalist intentions of the Khmer Rouge, the Vietnamese have helped them come to power while infiltrating their elements within the Khmer Rouge in order to reactivate them when the time comes. The Khmer Rouge were just the number of 3000 men in early 1970 and the Vietnamese knew exactly measure their military capability (Khmer Rouge). Unlike the Chinese, the Vietnamese have acted secretly in the organization of the Khmer Rouge through their infiltrators who held more or less control of this political movement.
After applying their project of "social revolution and societal" insane, the Khmer Rouge would find themselves in a destructive spiral: weakening the military and border attacks by human sewage and domestic response to rumors of conspiracies.
From 1977, the confusion within the Khmer Rouge movement. On the one hand Pol Pot is informed of an imminent plot to overthrow him, and secondly we did believe in another group of Khmer Rouge, which included Hun Sen, Chea Sim, Heng Samrin and Pen Sovann, that 'they would be betrayed by Pol Pot. For the latter, for fear of actually being overthrown, began slaughtering his comrades.
As a result, Vietnamese policy makers have succeeded, as expected, creating two clans visible in the movement of the Khmer Rouge. On one side were the clan of Pol Pot, but still Yuon infiltrated elements (Nuon Chea for example) and the other group had the Hun Sen, Chea Sim, etc., mad with the idea of Treason by Pol Pot, who was to be used by the Vietnamese as brave saviors of the nation Khmer genocide perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge (Pol Pot, Hun Sen, etc.). But in fact, they only serve the interests of Vietnam to invade Cambodia. Vietnamese strategists plan worked well. Most of the Khmer population and part of world opinion has actually seen the arrival of Bo Doi Vietnamese as the "liberators angel."
Believing they were narrowly saved by the Vietnamese for the betrayal of Pol Pot, Hun Sen's clan and Chea Sim reign is unchallenged since 1979 in Cambodia while adhering blindly to the dictates of Hanoi without any hassle the idea that they can one day be turned off from politics, or even eliminated, by the Vietnamese when they will no longer need them to conquer Cambodia.
3) Strategy for cloning and manipulation
PPC and opposition Khmer: to counter the growing discontent of growing Khmer people living in extreme poverty, Vietnam seems to want to implement a strategy would be to "duplicate" their pawns, and to make people believe Cambodian and international community at an early dissension within the PPC.
In fact, such a strategy has already been tested with Pen Sovann. The latter has been assigned a role of so-called dissident in the early 80's with the protest against the policy of the government of the day and especially against the construction of the walls of bamboo.
For this audacity, Pen Sovann was sentenced, according to information in "free circulation", only a few years in prison in Hanoi. While others were executed for crimes still minors.
It seems that the essence of such a strategy is the willingness to prepare the extension of the life of the PPC under another name pending the direct ownership of Cambodia by the Vietnamese. "Playing chess" with pieces Khmer in Vietnam would avoid direct confrontation as the case of Israelis and Palestinians and to awaken the national consciousness Khmer.
The replication strategy of "conquering arm (PPC) would allow Vietnamese:
- See those (in the PPC) that they are not faithful. Those who do not enjoy the role of dissidents and dare to join the so-called dissidents will probably be eliminated. The dissent apparently within the CSF could be an effective way to practice a "purge" vis-à-vis non-reliable.
- Make the people believe Khmer nationalism of the so-called dissidents. As a result, they may reduce the electoral potential of the opposition Khmer. The popular vote will be divided between the true and the false opposition opposition. And the flexibility of true democratic opposition in the National Assembly will therefore be reduced.
In conclusion
Given this analysis, we can say that the Cambodian political scene is strangely reminiscent of a shadow theater where most players are elements previously selected to perform roles that have been formatted to their measure. Despite the successive appearance of some players on this stage, the writer remains the same. Whatever the magic subtly imagined, it is the duty of all spectators, whether left or right, staring at the evil shadow to clean up the "amphitheater" to rewrite all our own scenarios in the interest of all.
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This article is a modified version of the replies to the various reactions from the Khmer community in France and the United States following the dissemination of analysis entitled "An implosion of the PPC or a simple political ploy? . Although these reactions have been addressed in private, we would like to thank these people for their interest in our analysis that was previously posted in forums Khmer.
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