A Change of Guard

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Monday 15 April 2013

Can Thailand and Cambodia cooperate after ICJ? រដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​ការពារជាតិ​ថៃ​មិន​បារម្ភ​អំពី​សភាពការណ៍​ព្រំដែន​នៅ​ពេល​គណៈប្រតិភូ​ថៃ​ចេញដំណើរ​ទៅ​ក្រុងឡាអេ​

Deputy Prime Minister Surapong Tovichakchaikul and Defense Minister Sukumph Suwanatat have a preparation meeting with legal counsels team Alain Pellet, James Crawford and Donald McRae in a hotel in Hague.
Deputy Prime Minister Surapong Tovichakchaikul and Defense Minister Sukumph Suwanatat have a preparation meeting with legal counsels team Alain Pellet, James Crawford and Donald McRae in a hotel in Hague.
For the next four gruelling days in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) at The Hague, Thailand and Cambodia will muster all their national pride and historical imperatives to present their cases in the dispute over the Temple of Preah Vihear/Phra Viharn's surrounding area. Whatever the ICJ's decision later this year, the two countries cannot turn away from each other and their common destiny. But, can they cooperate?
First of all, the two countries cannot ignore realities on the ground, especially the closely knit people-to-people contacts across the border. Cross-border transactions have increased greatly over the past 18 months due to various pushes for further economic integration under the Asean Community in 2015 - only 995 days away. The visa-waiver and the recent agreement on a common visa, the first Asean pair to do so, have greatly promoted tourism in their respective countries.

In contrast, when it comes to the temple's area of dispute, both sides have a very clear position and determination. Cambodia has asked the ICJ to interpret the 1962 decision concerning the temple's setting, arguing it includes the 4.6 square kilometres also claimed by Thailand. After its listing as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008, the area has become the bone of contention. Thailand states succinctly that the 1962 decision had nothing to do with the boundary. In the 233-page written explanation to the ICJ this week, Ambassador Virachai Plasai seeks to show Cambodia's inconsistency, including the use of doctored documents. He used the word "absurdity" several times including the tale of "Alice-in-Wonderland" to describe Cambodia's erratic behaviour. At the oral presentation, he will also request the court state clearly in the future ruling that the 1962 decision was not about the boundary.


At the working level, however, both sides recognise that this is a disputed area which needs to be worked out. In 2004, when the temple's joint development plan was first raised between the two countries, Thailand fully backed Cambodia's plan for a Unesco listing with one condition - that the demarcation line was a separate matter. The scheme collapsed later. Cambodia blamed Thailand for not honouring its pledge and the political infighting that broke out inside the country, while Thailand accused the former of using the map it had rejected.

After the end of the Cambodian conflict in 1991, tourists began to visit the temple's compound without much fanfare. It is an open secret that local officials from both sides of the border benefited from the influx of local and foreign tourists. Villagers living in the area criss-crossed the border, moved in and set up shops as the tourism business flourished. All this ended when the border conflict broke out in 2008 and 2011 in the disputed areas near the temple and later developed into protracted artillery exchanges.

Since the last ICJ verdict in July 2011, the provisional measures have prevented further escalation of fighting and further damage to the temple's structure. Both sides were ordered to move out their military from the disputed areas and the Cambodian troops from the temple. The ICJ also established the 17.3-square-kilometre provisional demilitarised zone, where both sides began to redeploy last year and started joint de-mining operations at the end of February.

With the new Thai government in place later in 2011 under Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, the much-strained bilateral relations with Cambodia quickly improved. The obvious reason is the close relations between Yingluck's brother Thaksin and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen. Since his exile in 2006, Thaksin and his followers have been using Cambodia and border areas as a haven for their political activities. During the previous government, the sanctuary was the major point of dispute, not to mention the high level of animosity between Hun Sen and former prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva.

Even though Thai-Cambodian relations today are manageable under the current leadership, the Thai government and Pheu Thai Party have been hard at work to ensure that the ICJ ruling will not undermine the present bilateral ties carefully nurtured through Thaksin's personal intervention and the ruling party's connections. They also realise that these special relations can only go so far as national sovereignty and public opinion is involved.

The Yingluck government has deep fears about the ICJ verdict as it will impact on the perception of various Thai stakeholders, especially the public and security apparatus. Since last June, the government has spent hundreds of millions of baht on a public relations campaign reaching out to the Thai people providing information on the temple dispute. Apart from TV, radio and various publications, the campaign includes a live-broadcast, which is unprecedented in the annals of ICJ history. It will run throughout the four-day proceedings (April 15, 17, 18 and 19) with a simultaneous Thai language translation for the audience at home. This way, the government hopes, the public will be able to follow the hearing and judge for themselves. Several pressure groups made up of ultra-rightists and nationalists have already urged the Thai government to ignore the ICJ process.

In its 100-year history, the ICJ has presided over 152 cases. Concerned parties to the disputes in 112 cases complied with its suggestions without any conditions. Judging on these outcomes, the ruling on the interpretation of the 1962 decision would be based on what is going on the ground at the present time, apart from the legal affidavits and testimony from their teams of lawyers. Keeping the ceasefire at the border permanent, and further protection of the temple's structure, were the main concerns of the ICJ's provisional measures. For the next move, the ICJ will encourage both sides to collaborate on joint development projects, as envisaged by the two governments earlier and leave the disputed territory to be settled by existing bilateral mechanisms.

After all, political ties are still good between the two governments. Any deterioration of the current situation would immediately point to hypocrisy among their leadership, especially after the public hearing at The Hague. Obviously, it would reflect negatively on the Thai side as the Pheu Thai Party has repeatedly praised the close rapport between Thaksin and Hun Sen for improving bilateral ties and ending gunfire at the border. Therefore, it is imperative for the two countries to continue the present border trends.

In the final analysis, the only way forward for the two countries is to jointly develop the overlapping area and promote tourism to the temple which has "Outstanding Universal Value".

This time, a clearer ICJ ruling could be a way out.
ថ្ងៃទី 14 មេសា 2013, CEN

​គណៈប្រតិភូ​ជាន់ខ្ពស់​ថៃ​មួយ​ដែល​ ដឹកនាំ​ដោយ​ឧបនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​និង​រដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​ការបរទេស ស៊ូ​រ៉ា​ពង់ តូ​វិចា​ក​ឆៃ​គុល​បាន​ចាកចេញ​ទៅ​​កាន់​ទីក្រុង​ឡាអេ ប្រទេស​ហូ​ឡង់​កាលពី​ថ្ងៃ​សៅរ៍​ដើម្បី​បង្ហាញ​អំណះអំណាង​របស់​ខ្លួន​ក្នុង​ សវនាការ​នៅ​ឯ​តុលាការ​យុត្តិធម៌​អន្តរជាតិ​(ICJ)​ស្តី​ពី​ជម្លោះ​ដី​ជាប់​ ប្រាសាទ​ព្រះវិហារ​ជាមួយ​កម្ពុជា​។​

​រួម​ដំណើរ​ជាមួយ​លោក​ស៊ូ​រ៉ា​ ពង់ រួម​មាន​រដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​ការពារជាតិ អគ្គលេខា​រង​នៃ​ក្រសួង​ការពារជាតិ​និង​មន្ត្រី​ជាន់ខ្ពស់​ដទៃ​ទៀត​។​

​សវនាការ​នៅ​ទីក្រុង​របស់​ហូ​ឡង់​នេះ​ត្រូវ​កំណត់​ធ្វើ​ចាប់ពី​ថ្ងៃ​ចន្ទ​ទី​១៥​មេសា​ដល់​ថ្ងៃ​សុក្រ​ទី​១៩​មេសា​។​
​រដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​ការបរទេស​ថៃ លោក​ស៊ូ​រ៉ា​ពង់​(​ឆ្វេង​)​និង​រដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​ការពារ​ជាតិ​និយាយ​ទៅកាន់​អ្នកយកព័ត៌មាន​មុន​ចាកចេញ​ទៅ​ឡាអេ​
​ សូមបញ្ជាក់​ថា​កម្ពុជា​បាន​ស្នើ​អោយ​តុលាការ​បកស្រាយ​សាលក្រម​ឆ្នាំ​១៩៦២​ ដែល​បាន​ប្រគល់​ប្រាសាទ​ព្រះវិហារ​មក​កម្ពុ​ជា ដើម្បី​​អោយដឹង​ច្បាស់​ថា​តើ​ចំរៀក​ដី​៤,៦​គីឡូម៉ែត្រ​ការ៉េ​នៅជាប់​ប្រាសាទ ​ជា​របស់​កម្ពុជា​ឬ​ថៃ​។​

​មុនពេល​ចាកចេញ លោក​ស៊ូ​រ៉ាព​ង់​បាន​និយាយថា​ក្រុម​របស់​ថៃ​ត្រៀម​ផ្តល់​សេចក្តី​ថ្លែងការណ៍ ​ផ្ទាល់មាត់​ចុងក្រោយ​ទៅកាន់​តុលាការ​និង​និង​បាន​ត្រៀម​ព័ត៌មាន​ពិស្តារ​ គ្របដណ្តប់​លើ​រាល់​ការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍​នៅ​តំបន់​ជម្លោះ​ចាប់តាំងពី​ឆ្នាំ​១៩៦២​។​ លោក​បាន​បន្ថែម​ថា​តុលា​​ការ​ត្រូវគេ​រំពឹងថា​នឹង​ចេញ​ការសំរេច​មួយ​នៅ​ខែ​ កញ្ញា​ឬ​តុលា​។​

​ស៊ូ​រ៉ា​ពង់​បាន​អំពាវនាវ​អោយ​ប្រជាជន​ថៃ​តាមដាន​ ការផ្សាយ​ផ្ទាល់​អំពី​សវនាការ​នេះ​នៅ​ICJ​តាម​ទូរទស្សន៍ប៉ុស្ត៍ទី​១១ វិទ្យុ​FM 92.5, AM 891​និង​វិទ្យុ​Saranrom​។​ក្រសួងការបរទេស​ក៏​បាន​បង្កើត​ក្រុម​មួយ​សំរាប់​ ឆ្លើយ​សំណួរ​របស់​សាធារណជន​ពាក់ព័ន្ធ​នឹង​ករណី​​នេះ​។​

​ជា​ចុងក្រោយ ​ ​លោក​ស៊ូ​រ៉ាព​ង់​បាន​និយាយថា​លោក​មាន​ជំនឿ​លើ​តុលាការ​ICJ ពី​ព្រោះ​តុលាការ​នេះ​បាន​សំរេច​ជម្លោះ​អន្តរជាតិ​ជាច្រើន​។​

​ចំណែក ​រដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​ការពារជាតិ លោក​ស៊ូ​កាំ​ពល់ បាន​ច្រានចោល​ការព្រួយបារម្ភ​អំពី​ភាព​តានតឹង​តាម​ព្រំដែន ដោយ​លោក​បាន​និយាយ​​ថា​សភាពការណ៍​ធម្មតា​ទោះ​ជា​ប្រជាជន​នៅ​សងខាង​ព្រំដែន​ ដឹង​ថា​សវនាការ​ICJ​ត្រូវធ្វើ​នៅ​សប្តាហ៍​នេះ​។​លោក​ថា​លោក​មិនបាន​បញ្ជា​ អោយ​រឹតបន្តឹង​សន្តិសុខ​តាម​ព្រំដែន តែ​បាន​ណែនាំ​អោយ​យោធា​រារាំង​ក្រុម​ណាមួយ​ដែល​ធ្វើ​យុទ្ធនាការ​ប្រឆាំង​ ការទទួលយក​​ការសំរេច​របស់​តុលាការ ដែល​នេះ​លោក​ទំនងជា​សំដៅលើ​ក្រុម​អាវ​លឿង​។​

​ក្នុងពេល​ជាមួយគ្នា អតីត​ឧបនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី​ថៃ លោក​ស៊ូ​ថេប ធឿក​ស៊ូបាន បាន​និយាយថា​លោក​ហាក់​មាន​អារម្មណ៍​ថា​រដ្ឋាភិបាល​​បានធ្វើ​សម្បទាន​អំពី​ដី ​នៅ​ព្រះវិហារ និង​ថា​ប្រការ​នេះ​ធ្វើអោយ​ប្រជាជន​ថៃ​មិន​សុខ​ស្រួល​ចិត្ត​។​លោក​ថា​ ប្រសិនបើ​រដ្ឋាភិបាល​ខិតខំ​​អស់ពី​សមត្ថភាព​របស់ខ្លួន ថៃ​នឹងមិន​បាត់បង់​ដី​៤,៦​គីឡូម៉ែត្រ​ការ៉េ​ទេ​៕

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

thank khmerization.