At the height of World War I, 2,000 Cambodian volunteers were sent to the fields of France to support their colonial rulers. Many did not return.
March 1916. As artillery shells pounded the battlefields of eastern France, Sen Sak, a Cambodian widow, pleaded with the head of the French administration in Phnom Penh to allow her only child, Sen Sam, to leave the army before he was sent to fight in Europe’s distant war.
Without teenage Sam, her only close relative after the successive deaths of her husband and daughter, Sak wrote to Resident Superior François Baudoin that she would be “abandoned and miserable”.
“I pray and beg you, M. Resident Superior, to accord me this grace,” she wrote. “I can already feel my heart breaking.”
After travelling to the capital from her Kampong Chhnang village to beg her son not to go, he had reversed his decision, she claimed.
Scribbled on the same letter – buried in Cambodia’s National Archives – is Baudoin’s reply. Faded to the point of illegibility, it is unclear if he accepted her request. It is also unknown if Sam deserted anyway or dutifully donned his uniform and boarded a steamer to the port of Marseille like approximately 2,000 other Cambodians eventually did by war’s end in 1918.
One hundred years ago this month, at the outbreak of the First World War, and nearly two years before the heartbroken mother put pen to paper, the French authorities in Indochina offered battalions of “native soldiers” for the war effort in Europe.
They were rejected. The war, they were told, would be over by Christmas.
But as historian John Tully notes in Cambodia Under The Tricolour, “By 1916, the euphoria had evaporated and the enormous casualties suffered in the trenches (equal to the population of Poitiers every week) could not long be replaced from [France’s] metropolitan population of 40 million.”
France, like Britain, turned to its empire.
It was initially thought that hundreds of thousands could be raised in Indochina, but the figure was later limited to 50,000, according to Tully. Of that, the overwhelming majority were Vietnamese, but Cambodia was asked to provide 2,500 tirailleurs (light infantry) and workers to serve in the trenches, garrisons and factories of France.
The call was strongly backed by the Royal Palace, with then-King Sisowath serving as president of a committee in charge of organising recruitment.
“The members of the royal family, ministers, government officials of all ranks, all the Cambodian people and myself, have for France a love and a devotion without bounds,” he proclaimed.
An intense propaganda campaign began. Notices were posted in every village; high-ranking French officials and royalty went out on recruiting drives.
“The monks were put to work contributing to the ordinary recruitment drives, while the King himself would go to the districts promising honourific distinctions and jobs in the administration and at the Royal Palace to those who joined,” French historian Alain Forest writes.
But according to Forest, after three months, only 2,295 people had volunteered to serve as soldiers, of which 508 were sent home after it became apparent they had been coerced to join by local authorities. Of those remaining, 1,008 were deemed appropriate for military service. Of that number, 20 died during training and 340 more deserted.
As he reported a batch of just 28 new recruits from Kampong Cham and Kratie provinces in May 1916, War Minister Chakrey Ponn attributed slow recruitment “not to a hostile sentiment towards the protectorate, but to the fact that Cambodians are very attached to their homes and do not like to go abroad.
“Having a far from belligerent character, they content themselves with their farms.”
Despite Ponn’s assurances, the recruitment drive, in fact, coincided with peasant protests against French taxation now known as the “1916 Affair”. In this atmosphere, anti-recruitment propaganda also flourished, contributing to desertions and slowing enlistment.
Nevertheless, on May 1, 1916, the first battalion of Cambodian soldiers – the 20th Indochinese – proudly set sail for France, waved off by large crowds.
Arriving in Marseille, they boarded trains to barracks further east, in Fréjus, for basic training.
While the largely uneducated volunteers may have had trouble adjusting, small concessions had been made to ease the transition. The men arriving dined on dried fish, vermicelli and even prahok, according to Tully.
They were also welcomed by locals bearing gifts of flowers and wine, some soldiers later said, and “amused themselves by sending ‘obscene’ postcards to friends and relatives” and apparently even charming pretty French girls.
But early contact with working locals, particularly in the factories, was already worrying the colonial administration.
On May 27, 1916, Nguyen Van Vinh, a high-ranking Vietnamese colonial administrator posted with the Indochinese volunteers, noted that such contact could see them “lose their native quality of docility” when they return home.
“Outside of the workshops and barracks, the men have gotten used to a certain liberty which they may retain as they come back to Indochina,” he wrote.
Although Vinh’s fears may have been overblown, at least two veterans – Pach Chhoeun and Kim Tith – later became prominent nationalists and figures in the independence movement.
While Baudoin and other French colonial officials initially lamented the lack of military prowess they perceived in Cambodians, the volunteers were ultimately praised for their bravery on the battlefield.
Many served as garrison troops in France and Macedonia. But others saw action in Vietnamese-Cambodian frontline units on the Western Front – at the ferocious Battle of Verdun, in the Vosges mountains of Alsace and the Chemins des Dames in Aisne. Cambodians also fought on the Balkans front.
Indochinese troops were said to be especially brave during patrols towards enemy trenches, Tully writes, although given that tirailleurs were often used in this manner, “the unavoidable conclusion is that they were seen as being more expendable than Europeans.”
An October 1918 letter from Baudoin to the family of a volunteer tirailleur named Nuon, from Prey Veng province, killed on July 28 on the Alsace front and awarded the Croix de Guerre, cites his courage.
“A brave tirailleur, who stayed brave under a violent bombardment. Killed in the accomplishment of his duty.”
Nuon’s family, like those of most who volunteered, were poor.
“The mother, 47, farms three little rice paddies which they own. These people live in misery, so I have sent [them] the sum of 30 piastres,” a French official in Prey Veng wrote to Baudoin.
Maurice Rives, of the National Association of Friends of Indochina, writes that the French infantry, or poilus, considered their Asian comrades “unaffected by the artillery shells, serious, cold, with nerves of steel”.
While the number of Cambodians who died serving France in the war is unknown, some commanders estimated that 115,000 of a total 545,000 colonial soldiers died in battle – a 20 per cent death rate, compared to 15 per cent for European troops.
Their names have long been forgotten and the stories of Cambodia’s involvement in the Great War are now relegated to the pages of a few history books and the shelves of colonial archives. But last month, a small group of Cambodian youth, officials and soldiers joined a Bastille Day march in Paris to commemorate the centenary of the war.
While the war was credited with blood-bonding the friendship between French and Khmer, and Cambodians undoubtedly held their own on the battlefields, some believe it was less patriotic fervour for the protectorate, and more a spirit of adventure, that drew young Khmers to serve.
Huy Kanthoul, who interviewed veterans and later became prime minister in 1951, puts it down to the determined curiosity of men who had heard so much, for so long, about the land from which those who ran their country had come.
“They wished to travel, to cross the seas, see France,” he wrote in his unpublished memoirs.
“The marvels of which they had heard extolled so much.”
យុវជនកម្ពុជាថតរូប មុនបញ្ជូនទៅច្បាំង នៅប្រទេសបារាំង ក្នុងសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទីមួយ ក្នុងអំឡុងឆ្នាំ ១៩១៦។ រូបថត សហការី
ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩១៦ ខណៈដែលគ្រាប់ផ្លោងបានជញ្រ្ជំសមរភូមិនៅបារាំងខាងកើត អ្នកស្រី សេន សាក់ ស្រ្តីមេម៉ាយកម្ពុជាបានសូមអង្វរករប្រធានរដ្ឋបាលបារាំងនៅភ្នំពេញ ដើម្បីអនុញ្ញាតឲ្យកូនប្រុសតែម្នាក់គត់របស់អ្នកស្រី ចាកចេញពីកងទ័ព មុនពេលត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនឲ្យទៅប្រយុទ្ធនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាមអឺរ៉ុប។
ដូចយុវជនកម្ពុជាផ្សងព្រេងជាច្រើននាក់ដែរ ក្មេងប្រុស សេន សំ ជាអនីតិជន បានស្ម័គ្រចិត្តបម្រើអំណាចអាណានិគម បន្ទាប់ពីមានការជ្រើសរើសកងទ័ពនៅក្នុងខេត្តផ្សេងៗ។ ប៉ុន្តែ ដោយទើបតែបាត់បង់កូនស្រី និងស្វាមីនាពេលថ្មីៗនោះ អ្នកស្រី សាក់ មិនអាចឲ្យកូនចុងក្រោយ ដែលនៅសល់របស់អ្នកស្រីប្រឈមនឹងគ្រាប់កាំភ្លើងអាល្លឺម៉ង់ ក្នុងចម្ងាយរាប់ពាន់គីឡូម៉ែត្រពីមុខរបស់ខ្លួនឡើយ។
អ្នកស្រី សាក់ សរសេរទៅលោកប្រធានរដ្ឋបាល François Baudoin ថា បើគ្មានសំ អ្នកស្រីស្ទើរតែនៅឯកោ បាត់បង់គ្រប់យ៉ាង និងសោកសៅ។
អ្នកស្រីបានសរសេរថា៖ «ខ្ញុំសូមអង្វរលោកប្រធានរដ្ឋបាលអនុគ្រោះ។ ជីវិតរបស់ខ្ញុំពឹងផ្អែកតែលើកូនប្រុសម្នាក់នេះគត់។ ខ្ញុំបានខកចិត្តរួចហើយ»។ អ្នកស្រីអះអាងថាបន្ទាប់ពីបានធ្វើដំណើរពីភូមិក្នុងខេត្តកំពង់ឆ្នាំងមករាជធានីដើម្បីអង្វរកូនប្រុសកុំឲ្យទៅតែលោកសំបានកែប្រែសេចក្តីសម្រេចរបស់ខ្លួន។
ការរំឭកដល់ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋកម្ពុជាដែលបានស្លាប់ក្នុងសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទីមួយ នៅរាជធានីភ្នំពេញ។ រូបថត សហការី
ចារនៅលើលិខិតដដែលនោះ គឺជាការឆ្លើយតប របស់លោក Baudoin ប៉ុន្តែបន្ទាប់ពីរយៈពេលច្រើនឆ្នាំមកហើយនោះ ចំណារនោះ ពុំអាចអានយល់ទេ។ គេពុំដឹងទេថា តើ លោក សំ បានលះបង់ ឬពាក់ឯកសណ្ឋាន ហើយឡើងជិះនាវាឆ្ពោះទៅកំពង់ផែ Marseille ដូចពលរដ្ឋកម្ពុជាប្រហែល ២ ពាន់នាក់ផ្សេងទៀត គិតត្រឹមចុងបញ្ចប់នៃសង្គ្រាមឆ្នាំ ១៩១៨ នោះឬអត់?
កាលពី ១០០ ឆ្នាំមុន នៅពេលផ្ទុះសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី ១ អាជ្ញាធរបារាំង នៅឥណ្ឌូចិនបានផ្តល់កងពលជនជាតិដើមសម្រាប់សង្គ្រាមនៅអឺរ៉ុប ប៉ុន្តែសំណើនេះត្រូវបានបដិសេធ ព្រោះថា គេជឿជាក់ថាសង្គ្រាមនឹងបញ្ចប់នៅត្រឹមថ្ងៃគ្រិស្តស្មាស។
ប៉ុន្តែលោក John Tully ប្រវតិ្តវិទូ កត់សម្គាល់ក្នុងសៀវភៅ Cambodia Under The Tricolour ថា «នៅឆ្នាំ ១៩១៦ ពេលរីករាយបានសាបរលាប ហើយមានចំនួនជនរងគ្រោះច្រើនសន្ធឹក នៅក្នុងលេណដ្ឋាន... មិនអាចជំនួសបានដោយប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ ៤០ លាននាក់ឡើយ។ ដូច្នេះបារាំងបានដើរតាមប្រទេសអង់គ្លេស ដោយបែរទៅជ្រើសរើសកងទ័ពពីប្រទេសក្រោមអាណានិគមរបស់ខ្លួន»។
ក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកស្ម័គ្រចិត្ត ៥ ម៉ឺននាក់ ដែលចេញពីតំបន់ឥណ្ឌូចិន ចំនួនភាគច្រើនគឺជាជនជាតិវៀតណាម។ ប៉ុន្តែកម្ពុជាត្រូវបានស្នើឲ្យផ្តល់កងថ្មើរជើងនិងកម្មករចំនួន ២៥០០ នាក់ដើម្បីបម្រើនៅលេណដ្ឋានបន្ទាយនិងរោងចក្រនៅបារាំង។
ការអំពាវនាវនេះត្រូវបានគាំទ្រយ៉ាងខ្លាំងពីព្រះបរមរាជវាំង ដោយព្រះមហាក្សត្រ ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ ទ្រង់បានគង់ជាប្រធានគណៈកម្មាធិការជ្រើសរើសកងទ័ពស្ម័គ្រចិត្ត។
ព្រះអង្គបានប្រកាសថា៖ «សមាជិករាជវង្ស ក្រសួង មន្រ្តីរដ្ឋាភិបាលគ្រប់ជាន់ថ្នាក់ ប្រជាជនកម្ពុជាទាំងអស់ និងព្រះកុរណាខ្ញុំ មានក្តីស្រឡាញ់ស្មោះស្ម័គ្រចំពោះបារាំងដោយគ្មានព្រំដែន»។
យុទ្ធនាការឃោសនាខ្លាំងក្លា បានចាប់ផ្តើម។ សេចក្តីជូនដំណឹងបានបិទផ្សាយនៅតាមភូមិដែលផ្សព្វផ្សាយអត្ថប្រយោជន៍ដែលអ្នកស្ម័គ្រចិត្តទទួលបានពីមន្រ្តីរាជការបារាំង ព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់ផ្សេងៗនិងថែមទាំងព្រះមហាក្សត្រផ្ទាល់ បានចុះទៅជ្រើសរើសអ្នកស្ម័គ្រចិត្ត។ ប៉ុន្តែ យោងតាម Forest បន្ទាប់ពីរយៈពេល៣ខែ មានអ្នកស័្មគ្រចិត្តតែ២២៩៥ នាក់ ក្នុងនោះ៥០៨នាក់ត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនមកវិញ បន្ទាប់ពីគេច្បាស់ថា ពួកគេត្រូវបានបង្ខំឲ្យចូលរួមក្នុងជួរកងទ័ពពីសំណាក់អាជ្ញាធរមូលដ្ឋាន។ ក្នុងចំណោមនោះ១០០៨ នាក់ត្រូវបានចាត់ទុកថា ស័ក្តិសម សម្រាប់បម្រើយោធា ប៉ុន្តែ២០ នាក់ទៀតបានស្លាប់ក្នុងអំឡុងពេលហ្វឹកហាត់ និង ៣៤០ នាក់ទៀតត្រូវបានបណ្តេញចេញពីជួរកងទ័ព។
លោក ចក្រី ពន់ រដ្ឋមន្រ្តីសង្គ្រាម បានកំណត់មូលហេតុនៃការជ្រើសរើសយឺតយ៉ាវនេះ គឺមិនមែនដោយសារតែអារម្មណ៍ប្រឆាំងរបបអាណាព្យាបាលទេ ប៉ុន្តែ គឺដោយសារតែប្រជាជនកម្ពុជាចង់នៅផ្ទះ ហើយមិនចង់ទៅក្រៅប្រទេសទេ។
នៅថ្ងៃទី១ ឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩១៦ កងវរសេនាតូចកម្ពុជាទីមួយ ដែលជាទាហានស្ម័គ្រចិត្តឥណ្ឌូចិន នាសតវត្សរ៍ទី២០ បានធ្វើដំណើរទៅប្រទេសបារាំង ដោយមានការជូនដំណើរពីក្រុមមនុស្សជាច្រើននៅកំពង់ផែ។ នៅពេលទៅដល់ Marseille ពួកគេបានជិះរថភ្លើងទៅបន្ទាយទាហាននៅភាគខាងកើតនៅ Fre'jus ដើម្បីទទួលការបណ្តុះបណ្តាលក្បួនយោធា។ ខណៈប្រជាជនដែលមិនចេះអក្សរ និងគ្មានការអប់រំមានការភ័យខ្លាចបារាំង ពួកគេត្រូវបានធ្វើឲ្យមានអារម្មណ៍ដូចនៅស្រុកកំណើតរបស់ខ្លួនដែលនៅក្នុងបន្ទាយទាហាននោះតាមរយៈការផ្តល់ឲ្យនូវត្រីឆ្អើរ នំបញ្ចុក និងប្រហុក។ នេះបើតាមអ្នកប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តដែលបានកត់ត្រា។
ទាហានខ្លះ ក្រោយមកនិយាយថា ពួកគេត្រូវបានស្វាគមន៍ដោយប្រជាជនមូលដ្ឋាន ដោយមានការប្រមូលឲ្យនូវផ្កានិងស្រា និងបាន«ធ្វើឲ្យខ្លួនឯងសប្បាយរីករាយតាមរយៈការផ្ញើ«លិខិតសួរសុខទុក្ខ»ទៅមិត្តភក្តិនិងសាច់ញាតិ» និងទំនងថែមទាំងមានស្រីបារាំងស្អាតៗ។
ខណៈ Baudoin និងមន្រ្តីអាណានិគមបារាំងដទៃៗទៀត កាលពីដំបូងមានការខកចិត្តដោយសារពួកគេគិតថា ទាហានកម្ពុជា ខ្វះសេចក្តីក្លាហាន ប៉ុន្តែនៅទីបំផុត ទាហានកម្ពុជាត្រូវបានសរសើរចំពោះភាពក្លាហាននៅលើសមរភូមិ។ ទាហានកម្ពុជាជាច្រើនបានបម្រើជាកងទ័ពការពារតំបន់នៅក្នុងប្រទេសបារាំងនិង Macedonia។ ប៉ុន្តែអ្នកដទៃទៀត បានឃើញកងទ័ពជួរមុខខ្មែរ‑វៀតណាមនៅរណសិរ្សលោកខាងលិច នៅសមរភូមិ Verdun នៅភ្នំ Vosges នៃ Alsace និង Chemins des Dames នៅ Aisne។ ទាហានកម្ពុជាក៏បានប្រយុទ្ធនៅភាគខាងជើងនៃ Salonika ផងដែរ។
Tully បានសរសេរថា កងទ័ពឥណ្ឌូចិន ត្រូវបាននិយាយជាពិសេសថា ក្លាហានក្នុងអំឡុងការល្បាតនៅលេណដ្ឋាន។ «ការសន្និដ្ឋានចៀសមិនរួចគឺថា ពួកគេត្រូវបានឃើញថា មានសេចក្តីក្លាហានជាងទាហានអឺរ៉ុប»។
លិខិតមួយ នៅខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩១៨ ពី Baudoin ទៅគ្រួសារទាហានស្ម័គ្រចិត្តឈ្មោះ នួន ដែលមកពីខេត្តព្រៃវែង ដែលត្រូវបានសម្លាប់នៅថ្ងៃទី២៨ កក្កដា នៅជួរមុខនៅ Alsace និងត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឲ្យនូវមេដាយ Croix de Guerre ដោយបានលើកឡើងអំពីភាពក្លាហានរបស់គាត់។ លិខិតនោះសរសេរថា៖«គាត់ជាទាហានក្លាហានម្នាក់ ដែលនៅតែក្លាហាននៅក្រោមការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកខ្លាំងក្លា»។ «គាត់ត្រូវបានសម្លាប់នៅក្នុងការបំពេញភារកិច្ច»។
គ្រួសាររបស់ នួន គឺដូចគ្រួសាររបស់ទាហានស្ម័គ្រចិត្តដទៃៗទៀតដែរគឺក្រីក្រ។
Tully មន្រ្តីបារាំងម្នាក់ក្នុងខេត្តព្រៃវែង បានសរសេរទៅ Baudoin ថា៖ «ម្តាយអាយុ ៤៧ ឆ្នាំនេះ ធ្វើស្រែលើដីស្រែតូចៗចំនួនបី។ ពួកគាត់រស់នៅក្នុងភាពលំបាកណាស់ ដូច្នេះ ខ្ញុំបានផ្ញើប្រាក់ឲ្យពួកគាត់ចំនួន ៣០ piastres»។ Tully បានកត់សម្គាល់ថា សមរភូមិមួយនៅក្នុងបរិយាកាស ដែលមានភ្លៀងនិងព្យុះនៅតំបន់ Verdun ទាហានកម្ពុជាជាច្រើនត្រូវបានសរសើរថាមានសេចក្តីអង់អាចក្លាហាន។
ទាហានកម្ពុជាម្នាក់ឈ្មោះ ប៊ូ ត្រូវបានរងរបួសចំក្បាល ប៉ុន្តែមិនព្រមចាកចេញពីការប្រយុទ្ធហើយបានទទួលនូវមេដាយអំពីភាពក្លាហានរបស់គាត់។ បើទោះបីជាចំនួនទាហានកម្ពុជា ដែលស្លាប់នៅក្នុងការបម្រើបារាំងនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាមនោះមិនត្រូវបានគេដឹងក៏ដោយ ក៏គេបានប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា ទាហានកម្ពុជាចំនួន១១៥ ០០០ នាក់ ក្នុងចំណោមទាហានអាណានិគមសរុប ៥៤៥ ០០០ នាក់បានស្លាប់នៅក្នុងសមរភូមិគឺ ២០ភាគរយ។ អ្នកដែលបានត្រឡប់មកផ្ទះវិញ បានយកត្រឡប់មកជាមួយនូវមេដាយនិងប័ណ្ណសរសើរ និងប្រាក់សោធន និងការលើកលែងពន្ធ និងសម្បទានដីដោយមិនគិតថ្លៃនិងការគាំពារសុខភាព។
ឈ្មោះរបស់ពួកគេត្រូវបានបំភ្លេចជាយូរមកហើយ ហើយសាច់រឿងនៃការចូលរួមរបស់កម្ពុជានៅក្នុង«មហាសង្គ្រាមនោះ»មិនត្រូវបានធ្វើឲ្យសំខាន់នៅក្នុងទំព័រសៀវភៅប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តមួយចំនួន និងនៅក្នុងប័ណ្ណសារប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តអាណានិគមទេ។ កាលពីខែមុន ក្រុមយុទ្ធជនកម្ពុជានិងទាហានបានចូលរួមការហែក្បួននៅទិវា Bastille Day ក្នុងទីក្រុងប៉ារីស ដើម្បីប្រារព្ធខួបនៃសតវត្សរ៍សង្គ្រាមនោះ។ សង្គ្រាមនោះត្រូវបានគេឲ្យតម្លៃថា ជាមិត្តភាពរវាងបារាំងនិងខ្មែរនៃការបង្ហូរឈាមក្នុងសង្គ្រាមនិងចំពោះការបម្រើបារាំងក្នុងសម័យនោះ៕ TKCharles Rollet
7 comments:
It's just sad,Cambodians serving someone else war for many centuries now.In our recent memory Cambodians were serving Yuon & American's war as well,this last war Cambodia was NEUTRALITY but pulling into the war by an idoit King a yuon's sympathizer for yuon's PuzC!..
Will Cambodians learns from all these war,histories? Will they accept that they were serving someone else war? And stop helping to fight foreign's war,be neutral forever,,,,!
and another war is brewing in the horizon... the EU and the US controlled by the powerful bankers will do anything to stir up and provoke the bear [ russia ] to attack... same goes for china [ over the south sea ] war brings money to the bankers [ buying weapons, food/water/clothing/medecines for the soldiers , and the bankers which own most big corporations get to plunder the precious resources of the losing country like oil in iraq, lybia , minerals in afghanistan and gold in africa]and what did khmers soldiers get out that service/war which the french and english politicians started --- nothing except losing kampuchea krom to the viets.
Very interesting I never heard of Khmer men in World War I, when I was in school. I am proud about these Khmer people in the history of World War I in Europe. I am wondering how would khmer people in the next 100 years writing the history of Khmer CPP government in their books. I might wanna wait till then to read their books. Is it impossible dream!
Turboman
The fact is that -Drgunzet- is one of secret hidden Yuon/Vietcong agents hiding in Khmer Rouges uniforms while Pol Pot was toppled by evil hidden Yuon/Vietcong agents (including -Drgunzet-, we need to know who is the crazy -Drgunzet- is) during the Killing Fields from 1975 to 1979 and at the same time, Khmer Rouges soldiers (nationalists) were so busy to fight with Vietcong armies at the border of Cambodia and Southern Cambodia (South Vietnam) to get Southern Cambodia (Khmer Kampuchea Krom) back. As you know, real Khmer Rouges soldiers were different from Ah Hun Sen and his buddies (like Heng Samrin, Chea Sim, Keat Chhon, Hor Nam Hong, etc) who served and were brainwashed by his Hanoi masters and Ho Chi Minh. The Killing Fields was created initially by Hanoi masters (including Satan Ho Chi Minh) the ended up murdering a few millions of innocent Cambodian/Khmer people including children. Their Yuon/Vietnamese goal is reduced Cambodian population or to kill all Cambodian people including us before they tried to take the entire Cambodian land and tried to rename all Cambodian major cities, towns, provinces to be their ugliest Yuon/Vietcong names.
Luckily we stayed alive when the UN delegate tried to come inspect Cambodian between 1978 and 1979 as the Khmer relatives oversea including Sihanouk's family trees or cousins complained about their lost connections from Cambodia during the Killing Fields. After the evil hidden Yuon/Vietcong agents and their Yuon/Vietcong masters in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh, they (secret Yuon/Vietcong agents hiding in Khmer Rouges uniforms), they (Yuon/Vietcong agents) rushed and hid in the forest and to Vietnam along with ah Hun Sen (who got shot in his eyes by real heroes Khmer Rouges soldiers who are not the killers, but have been accused and set up as the scapegoats), in order to change the uniforms from BLACK TO GREEN as you have seen in the films.
We need to thank the UN delegates who have done the good jobs to save us, but the f**king smart asses secret Yuon/Vietcong agents and their masters in Hanoi including Ho Chi Minh have been so clever by rushing to invade Cambodia in two weeks to rescue and fool the gullible Khmer victims of Killing Fields and foreigners that evil Vietcong and Hun Sen came rescue Khmer people from the Pol Pot. These were their propaganda, dirty tricks, shameful and hypocrite acts for evil Yuon/Vietcong agents and their masters from Hanoi including evil Ho Chi Minh.
I labeled -Drgunzet- as a secret Yuon/Vietcong agent among his evil Yuon/Vietcong agents hiding in Khmer Rouges uniforms.
I leave this for all reader to think carefully about the evil Yuon/Vietcong agents as they are in today along with Ah stupid and dumb Hun Sen and his brainwashed buddies in CPP government offices in Phnom Penh. They are wild animals who have destroyed and robbed our motherland and her natural resources to get rich. Now you have seen them are millionaires and billionaires who sever the Vietcong/Yuon's interests.
CORRECTION
The fact is that -Drgunzet- is one of secret hidden Yuon/Vietcong agents hiding in Khmer Rouges uniforms while Pol Pot was toppled by evil hidden Yuon/Vietcong agents (including -Drgunzet-, we need to know who is the crazy -Drgunzet- is) during the Killing Fields from 1975 to 1979 and at the same time, Khmer Rouges soldiers (nationalists) were so busy to fight with Vietcong armies at the border of Cambodia and Southern Cambodia (South Vietnam) to get Southern Cambodia (Khmer Kampuchea Krom) back. As you know, real Khmer Rouges soldiers were different from Ah Hun Sen and his buddies (like Heng Samrin, Chea Sim, Keat Chhon, Hor Nam Hong, etc) who served and were brainwashed by his Hanoi masters and Ho Chi Minh. The Killing Fields was created initially by Hanoi masters (including Satan Ho Chi Minh) THAT ended up murdering a few millions of innocent Cambodian/Khmer people including children. Their Yuon/Vietnamese goal is reduced Cambodian population or to kill all Cambodian people including us before they tried to take the entire Cambodian land and tried to rename all Cambodian major cities, towns, provinces to be their ugliest Yuon/Vietcong names.
Luckily we stayed alive when the UN delegate tried to come inspect Cambodian between 1978 and 1979 as the Khmer relatives oversea including Sihanouk's family trees or cousins complained about their lost connections from Cambodia during the Killing Fields. After the evil hidden Yuon/Vietcong agents and their Yuon/Vietcong masters in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh, they (secret Yuon/Vietcong agents hiding in Khmer Rouges uniforms)HEARD ABOUT THE OFFICIAL VISITS OF UN DELEGATES OR CONVOYS TO CAMBODIA DURING THE KILLING FIELDS IN THE END OF 1978, they (Yuon/Vietcong agents) rushed and hid in the forest and to Vietnam along with ah Hun Sen (who got shot in his eyes by real heroes Khmer Rouges soldiers who are not the killers, but have been accused and set up as the scapegoats), in order to change the uniforms from BLACK TO GREEN as you have seen in the films.
We need to thank the UN delegates who have done the good jobs to save us, but the f**king smart asses secret Yuon/Vietcong agents and their masters in Hanoi including Ho Chi Minh have been so clever by rushing to invade Cambodia in two weeks to rescue and fool the gullible Khmer victims of Killing Fields and foreigners that evil Vietcong and Hun Sen came rescue Khmer people from the Pol Pot. These were their propaganda, dirty tricks, shameful and hypocrite acts for evil Yuon/Vietcong agents and their masters from Hanoi including evil Ho Chi Minh.
I labeled -Drgunzet- as a secret Yuon/Vietcong agent among his evil Yuon/Vietcong agents hiding in Khmer Rouges uniforms.
I leave this for all reader to think carefully about the evil Yuon/Vietcong agents as they are in today along with Ah stupid and dumb Hun Sen and his brainwashed buddies in CPP government offices in Phnom Penh. They are wild animals who have destroyed and robbed our motherland and her natural resources to get rich. Now you have seen them are millionaires and billionaires who sever the Vietcong/Yuon's interests.
An October 1918 letter from Baudoin to the family of a volunteer tirailleur named Nuon, from Prey Veng province, killed on July 28 on the Alsace front and awarded the Croix de Guerre, cites his courage.
“A brave tirailleur, who stayed brave under a violent bombardment. Killed in the accomplishment of his duty.”
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The French never said that they had to chain them to their heavy guns so they had no chance of escape. They had to keep on firing until they were killed.
Under French rule Cambodia never ever got development, all Cambodian money went to develop Vietnamese brigde, road, port, shcool.
The reason why Khmer Krom lost to Vietnam because French Vietnamize Khmer Krom by broght Vietnamese labours to Khmer Krom for produce rices for export then the Viet out number Khmer because French policy.
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